Report concerning the earthquake disaster

Report concerning the earthquake disaster:

Disaster definition :

It is the status of the sudden tension  in a society disrupts the functioning of the common system for life and may couse deaths or injuries or displacement of the holocaust and when beyond the capabilities and potential of emergency services  and the competent authorities .

Among these disasters the most dangerous disaster is earthquakes :

As known the earthquake happened due to the instability in the earth`s crust which came in the form of horizontal or vertical or capstan and that lead in some occasion to a disaster consist of the collapses that attack earth in some places and nowadays it`s possible to determinate this places around the world and can be declared in maps and the extent of loss suffered by humans annually about 8000 victim per year .

Therefore all countries start to construct buildings not affected by earthquake and according to analysis the loss mainly come from the collapse of the buildings that `s  why poor countries that use bad building materials speed up the collapse of buildings .

And the resulting effects are :-

Loss of life

Trapped & killed

Destruction of  propperity

Displacement

The destruction of industrial and the loss of jobs

Destruction of public welfare projects

Risk of the spread of disease

Destruction of infrastructure , which affects the emergency services

General procedures to prevent the disaster :-

Planning and organization and coordination

Promoting and protecting the most vulnerable sites

Provide logistical support to areas most at risk

Prevent the causes of risk

Development of human skills training

Issuance of laws and instructions

Factors that limit the dangers of the disaster :-

Public  awareness

Mobilization and resource mobilization

Preventive measures and training

Away from sources of risk reduction causes

Action of human and technical ( awareness – early warning  - the evacuation )

Holding national forums and their role in spreding risk awarness

Factors that minimize the severity of the disasters :-

Identification , analysis and risk assessment

Reduction of of vulnerabilities

Mapping of affected areas and areas and determinate the population exposed to natural hazards by back to the lessons learned from previous encounters emergency

Development of local capacity and raising the efficiency of workers in the field of disaster management

Raise awareness among members of the community to natural disasters

Rehabilitation of human resources through training programs for intervention in cases of emergency

Support and promotion of wireless communication systems for disaster management .

1 ) elements of intervention and confrontation  :-

Decision –making  authority and access of the communication by the civil protection

Notification of the incident and developments to informed the general director of civil protection and the director of security for the transition to the accident scene to determine the size and kinds of losses and fit the size of equipment and equipment with the incident and the director of  administration  for civil protection aunt overseeing  the technical side of art are are practical intervention

·        while the notification of the governor and moving to the scene of incident , he assume the leadership and the general supervision on the working at the scene

·        the supreme council for civil protection under the chairmanship of the prime minister and the ministries  concerned and each chief of the armed forces – the assistant of the minister of defense of the public and military defense – the chief of the central devise for mobilization and statistics – the manager of the general administration  for the civil defense the council have the right to call whomever they see there is a necessity from the experts to issuance any decision to face the disaster

2 ) disaster management team :

A group of representatives of state institutions – governmental or non-governmental a study to confront the disaster with a rapid and effective response  to the changes that may occur therefore they have the valuablity  and capabilities to take any decision not bureaucratic or stereotyped

3 )  all participants in facing the earthquake disaster :

       The devices that have a role in confronting the earthquake

1 – interior ministry ,  represented in the civil protection in all its possibilities in the field of fire and rescue and bomb disposal – police stations and departments – the departments and sections of traffic – central security and security forces – and the media

2 – the interior ministry had a very important role in confronting the disasters with all her large and varied capacity and all high training skills to support all state agencies except the ministry of foreign affairs by the co-ordination between the central for crisis management armed forces and the general administration of civil defense and other national institution .

3 – ministry of social  solidarity to provide support in all its forms and co-ordination between the example : the co-ordination with the ministry of housing and organs of local government in the management of shelter and means of subsistence to the bereaved families and to provide blankets and clothing ,  food and tents to provide shelter while the measure and the disbursement of compensation to these affected

4- the ministry of health gives important services : giving medicine  - and cure & ambulance patients from the disasters damages – and to prevent the spread of epidemics

The organs that had the major role in the prediction of earthquake :

·        Center for information and decision support cabinet

·        Center agency for public mobilization and statistics

·        Water research institute , ministry of water resources

·        Ministry of state for local development

Devices have a role to assist in disaster plans earthquake :

Ministry of transport – ministry of housing – ministry of education – ministry of communications – ministry of electricity  and energy – ministry of foreign affairs – ministry of investment – ministry of culture

( NGOs )

Egyptian red crescent : the holding of training courses for all levels of disaster

Infinite possibilities , and work to use at the time of need

Egypt is located according to the reports of scientists and their research outside the scope of earthquakes and volcanoes ,  and limited follow –up at the academy as scientific phenomenon  that happened in other areas

The observatory , helwan , south of cairo , who in 1903 established a scientific first center in the arab world devoted to the monitoring of earthquakes and volcanoes and research taken in this respect to be shown at the conferences and seminars

In the time that Egypt was consider outside the scope of earthquakes , but it has seen many earthquakes that have occurred in egypt

The first earthquake that occurred in Egypt was in helwan city in 1210 b.c.  and the second was 600 b.c.  and the third was in 27 b.c. and the forth happened in 96 ad and the fifth in 1847 ad at fayoum and this considerd the strongest earthquake that occurred in Egypt

In 1849 a very a fierce earthquake attack Egypt and left a large number of dead and wounded and 1903 the earthquake was the strongest that happened in the last century at cairo after the construction of the observatory of helwan and has killed ten thousand people .

In 1969 an earthquake occurred in the fayoum  region , measured 6.9 on the richter scale and affected by all the governorates of Egypt and extended its influence to the sudan and Ethiopia , palestine   , resulting in cracks in the province`s land territory , the red sea and is free of the population and total length of cracking  three kilo away

Only some governorates in Egypt was attacked by earthquakes and there dangers in first place  ismailya &  suez and port said also cairo & giza & sharkeya and sinia which   had witnessed the earthquake in  the period between 1983 and 1987 and later with magnitude of 4.1 on the richter scale and lasted about ten seconds resulted in for some minor injuries as a result of smashing windows in the upper floors

In 1984 aswan at south Egypt was attacked by an earthquake effect extended to the sea and the high dam affected by the earthquake from the south African research and was reassuring that there is no crack or notification on the body of the high dam .

In 1987 recorded the weather in Egypt was an earthquake measuring 4.3 on the richter scale and was centered lakes region in  ismailya and suez area witnessed some of the 1975 earthquakes ,  which don`t feel it in monitoring equipment

In 1997 the town of cairo to the earthquake with a magnitude 6.2 on the richter scale and had not reported any injuries

And the first in may 1999 was felt in qena in upper Egypt , an earthquake measuring 5.3 on the richter scale , according to noted national network of stations , earthquakes  and that he did not record the occurrence of any victims

And on October 12 , 1999  cairo was an earthquake measuring 5.2 on the richter scale without any loss and had made seven earthquakes monitoring stations is weak and and aftershocks of the earthquake is felt

And in October 28 , 1999 hit Egypt earthquake measuring 4.8 on the richter scale and the epicenter was in abu hammad , sharkia governorate and felt the population and residents of neighboring provinces

And on march 8 , 2000 earthquake reached a magnitude of 5.4 degree on the richter scale and lasted five seconds and was felt in the Egyptian capital , without reporting damage

And on june 12 , 2001 was felt in the Egyptian capital of earthquake lasted a few seconds and magnitude of 4.9 degree on the richter scale and had monitored the national institute for astronomical and geophysical research one day after eight aftershocks of the earthquake and did not report any losses resulting

And on june 23 , 2001 earthquake occurred east of the island of crete felt by residents of northen Egypt and the magnitude of six degrees on the richter scale but he did not announce any casualties or damage

And on December 22 , 2002 earthquake in cairo and its surrounding areas with a magnitude of 4.6 on the richter scale

It had been mentioned according to the earthquake observatory network in Egypt in 21 December 1999 had been installed number 15 station at the area of north & south sinia and on the long coast to el saloum and also number 15 observatory had been installed to observe earthquake south Egypt from bani-sweef to aswan and in the same time to link the central network to the astronomical observatory of helwan

These stations observe automatically any earthquake regardless there location and intensity and informed the central network in helwan and a network has been installed to observe earthquake at cairo to draw the seismic belt around helwan and katamia and a part of delta  & hadabet el ahram to dahshor  and to bani-sweef to make all Egyptian lands under full observation

But the most effective earthquake and the worst ever happened in Egypt was on the 12^th of October 1992 is measure 5.8 degree on the richter scale and the number of death and injuries reach 6522 person also a lot of homes had been destroyed  ( 398 home ) and number 8000 was in a very bad condition  in cairo and giza & qalubia and fayoum and those was the most damaged areas in addition number of schools and educational buildings .